![]() The acoustic guitar was part of early jazz rhythm sections, while the electric guitar began to be used in teh late 1930s and came to dominate jazz and popular music in the 1960s. guitar A plucked string instrument with waisted sides and a fretted fingerborard. bass In the rhythm section of a jazz band, an instrument-string bass, electric bass, or tuba-that supports the harmony and provides a basic rhythmic foundation. E.g., tenor saxophonists often _ on the soprano saxophone. See alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone, and baritone saxophone. saxophone Invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s, a family of single-reed wind instruments with the carrying power of a brass instrument. clarinet A wind instrument consisting of a slim, cylindrical ebony-colored wooden tube that produces a thin, piercing sound bass clarinet A wind instrument pitched lower than a clarinet it is used primarily in avant-garde jazz music. These are often used in avant-garde jazz. multiphonics By heavy overblowing, musicians playing the saxophone can create several pitches at once. smear (glissando) The effect of a slide allowing a player to glide seamlessly from one note to another. Easily achieved with the voice or on the trombone (with its slide), but also possible with good breath control on other instruments (saxophone, string bass, guitar, trumpet). glissando To slide seamlessly from one note to the next. By using the slide, the trombone is capable of glissandi, also known as "smears" (a good example of variable intonation). trombone A low-pitched brass instrument that uses a slide to adjust the column of air. shake A quick trill between two notes that mimics a wide vibrato. half-valving Creating sounds with an unusual timbre by squeezing the valves of the trumpet only halfway. plunger mute The bottom part of a sink plunger, waved in front of the bell of a brass instrument to create unusual timbres. But with Miles Davis, musicians began using the mute without the extension and playing close to the microphone to attain an attenuated timbre. Originally it had a short extension comine out of a hole in the middle, with which musicians could make various amusing effects. Harmon mute A hollow mute made by the Harmon company (hence the capitalization). cup mute An orchestral mute with an extension that more or less covers the bell of the trumpet. straight mute The standard mute for brass instruments in the symphony orchestra, it dampens the tone without too much distortion. flugelhorn A conical, trumpet-like instrument. cornet A partially conical brass instrument used often in early jazz and eventually supplanted by the trumpet. trumpet The most common brass instrument. valves Controls on a brass instrument that shunt air into a passageway of tubing. ![]() ![]() The musicians places the lips into this cavity, where they vibrate to produce sound. For brass instruments, the mouthpiece is cup-shaped. mouthpiece The portion of a wind instrument into which a musician blows. Overtone Higher pitches caused by secondary vibrations of the main sound wave. ![]()
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